History Questions and Answers

The newspaper 'The Leader' was born in Allahabad in 1909 with the onerous efforts and dynamic leadership of Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya. This newspaper served an important purpose in raising nationalism and creating social reform agitation against the British-civilized India. Malaviya, who is also a founder of the Banaras Hindu University (BHU), utilized 'The Leader' to intensify issues of national significance and to advocate for Indian independence to agitate the spirit of independence amongst the Indian masses.

At first, it was a daily newspaper, and soon began to gain ground for the bravery of its editorship in Indian political and social matters. The point, according to Malaviya, was not merely to open out a medium for the dissemination of news, but to use its might for socially awakening people and politically mobilizing them.

The civilization of Indus Valley is associated with the Bronze Age. This is the age that are predominantly marked by the heavy employment of bronze metals, weapons and artifacts. In the north-western portion of the Indian subcontinent this age flourished in the time period of 3300 BCE and 1300 BCE. Today, this territory falls in Pakistan and north-west India.

The Bronze Age of the Indus Valley Civilization is characterized by the extensive use of bronze in its evolution. The people of this civilization excelled in the art of working metal, particularly for producing tools, weapons, and ornaments in copper and bronze. Their skills were also involved in bead-making, pottery, and textiles.

Dr. Rajendra Prasad served as the first president of India. As a president, he served the country from 1950 to 1962. He thus became the longest-serving president of India of 12 straight years. He was more than just a freedom fighter; he was a great leader. Dr. Prasad played a vital part during the initial years of independence of India. Dr. Prasad was extremely dedicated and bright during his education years. He graduated from Calcutta University and then attended Cambridge University, where he studied law and then went deeper into postgraduate studies in history. He graduated from there, and all this was accompanied by an increasing commitment to India's freedom struggle.

Haydar Ali, the father of Tipu Sultan, was a well-known military leader and ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore in southern India. Born in 1722, in one of the small villages of present-day Karnataka, he belonged to a very humble background. His ascent is remarkable in terms of skill in military matters, political agility, and ambition. Initially, he was one of the soldiers in the Mysore army and then he went on to reach a level where he had become more or less the de facto ruler of Mysore by the middle of the 18th century.

In fact, he strongly controlled the Mysore kingdom after the death of Krishnaraja Wodeyar II in 1761. The dynasty remained nominally in power, but the effective control of the kingdom passed into Haydar Ali's hands. Haydar Ali was very famed both in his military skills and modernizing the Mysore army from a local band of soldiers into one of the most active armies of India at the time. Under his regime, Mysore started extending its territories and its very influence, mainly in the south and the western Deccan.

Guru Gobind Singh founded the Khalsa on 30 March 1699, at Anandpur Sahib in present-day Punjab. This event commemorates turning from trivial events into great and significant occurrences in the history of Sikhism.

At that time Guru Gobind Singh summonsed all Sikhs to Anandpur Sahib to over announce his gallant vision for the future of the Sikh community. He deliberately reduced this to symbolic and dramatic enactment of challenge to the faithful: preparedness to die for one's faith. Five gentlemen came forward, dubbed the Panj Pyare (Five Loved Ones) in proportion to this event. The Guru then proceeded to initiate them through sacred rites, during which he conferred on them Amrit; sweetened water stirred with a double-edged sword, symbolically depicting their commitment to the Sikh faith. They also initiated Guru Gobind Singh himself, thus creating the Khalsa Panth.

The Khalsa was inconsistent with any earlier form of Sikh practice. The Khalsa was to be a body of spiritual, brave, and committed Sikhs who would stand for equality, justice, and freedom. The Guru also created Five Ks—the Five Articles of Faith—which every member ought to wear, namely Kesh (uncut hair), Kara (steel bracelet), Kanga (wooden comb), Kachera (cotton undergarments), and Kirpan (ceremonial sword) as symbols of faith and commitment to these disciplines.

The Khalsa established by Guru Gobind Singh played a significant part in holding the Sikh community together and thereby making them stronger and more resilient against all kinds of political and religious problems of that particular period in history. It was the beginning of a new phase in Sikhism which focused on justice, spiritual advancement, and remonstration for justice.

The first meeting of the Constituent Assembly was held on December 9, 1946. Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected President of the Assembly. Dr. Sachchidanand Sinha was elected the temporary president of the assembly.